There are seven elements that need to be in place to provide an effective lightning protection system.
The first step in any effective lightning protection system is a correct design. The design parameters must take into account the geographic location, appropriate lightning protection standards and the inherent risks of the structure being protected. The LPS design should only be performed by an individual that is trained and certified.
- Strike Termination Devices(AKA Lightning Rods or Air Terminals)
These must be suitable to accept direct lightning attachment and patterned to accept strikes before they reach building materials.
These are usually copper cables that route lightning current over and through the building, without damage, between strike terminations at the top and the grounding electrode system at the bottom. Another type of lightning conductor is a Retractable Bypass Conductor (RBC), that is used to protection floating roof oil storage tanks from the hazards of lightning induced tank fires.
The below grade grounding electrode system is intended to efficiently move the lightning to its destination away from the structure and its contents.These electrodes have direct contact with the earth so that the strike can dissipate efficiently.
Bonding is the interconnection of the lightning protection system to other internal metallic systems that used to eliminate the opportunity for lightning side-flashes. Retractable Bypass Conductor (RBC), are also a critical bonding element for protecting floating roof oil storage tanks from the hazards of lightning induced tank fires.
- Surge Protection Devices (SPD)
SPD’S must be installed at every service entrance to stop the intrusion of lightning related power surges from utility lines, and further equalize potential between grounded systems during lightning events.
Regardless of what lightning protection technologies and materials that are used, they will not perform as designed without proper installation practices. It is also highly recommended to only use a highly experienced and certified company that specializes in the lightning protection field.
Conclusion
Lightning is a dangerous and often catastrophic event. Great care should be placed into any lightning protection system. Beginning with the design, material selection, contractor selection, and post-installation inspections.